PMC

(a) Each word of the idiom was presented sequentially at the upper visual field in the crowded or isolated condition. In half of the trials (word condition), the ending word was either congruent or incongruent with respect to the three leading words; in the remaining trials (non-word condition), the last word of the idiom was replaced by a non-word. The idiom illustrated here is “騎虎難下” in the word-congruent condition. This idiom means “Riding a tiger is hard to get off”, referring to a scenario when someone is committed to a difficult task that he/she finds impossible to back out of. In the word-incongruent condition, the last word was replaced by “上” (get on), resulting in an incongruent message: “Riding a tiger is hard to get on”. The participants were asked to perform the LDT to the last (target) word. The mean RT and accuracy of the task were shown in (b). Error bar represents one standard error of the mean.

A word in S^* that equals e can be rewritten using the relators in the group presentation and the group axioms. For instance, the word s₁s₂s₃s₂s₃s₂s₁s₃ = e in S₄. Walking along an edge is equivalent to multiplying by a generator (edge label). Starting in the top left corner and tracing the word clockwise, we get the word s₁s₂s₃s₂s₃s₂s₁s₃. The closed path s₁s₂s₃s₂s₃s₂s₁s₃ is constructed using the relators s₁s₃s₁s₃ and s₂s₃s₂s₃s₂s₃.

*p<.05. †Other responses included “Advocate for the vaccine and about HPV,” “Hang up posters and speak on it,” “Say researchers are working on it” and “Spread the word.”

The method to get char-level embedding in our paper. The characters in a word are transfer to vectors, then though a convolution layer and a max-pooling, finally the output are concatenated to represent the word